FLU FACTS

"Flu" season is once again upon us. While many people often refer to stomach and intestinal illnesses as "the flu", true influenza is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses. The influenza virus usually enters the body through mucous membranes in the mouth, nose or eyes. When a person with the flu coughs or sneezes, the virus then becomes airborne and can be inhaled by anyone nearby.

The symptoms of influenza appear suddenly and often include fever of 100-104, body aches and muscle pain, headache, pain when moving eyes, fatigue, loss of appetite, dry cough, runny nose, and dry or sore throat. Flu symptoms do not usually include vomiting and diarrhea. If you get influenza, it can usually be expected to go away on its own in about a week to ten days. Steps that can be taken to help you feel better include getting plenty of rest, drinking lots of fluids, and taking acetaminophen or ibuprofen (not aspirin) for fever and body aches. Using a decongestant, nonprescription cough medicine, cough drops, and a humidifier can help ease stuffy nose, coughing, and sore throat.

It is important to call a doctor if fever is extremely high (over 104), lasts for more than 3 days, or wheezing or difficulty breathing develops, A doctor should also be contacted if symptoms improve and then seem to get worse again, or if signs of a bacterial infection appear. Symptoms of a bacterial infection may include a new or worse cough that produces yellow, green, rust-colored or bloody mucus or nasal drainage, or pain that localizes to one specific area, such as an ear, the throat, the chest, or the sinuses. Emergency care should be obtained if a baby under 3 months old has a high fever, or for anyone having trouble breathing, a severe headache, stiff neck, or confusion or trouble staying awake.

Influenza can be prevented by getting immunized with the influenza vaccine each year. The ideal time to get immunized is October or November, but vaccines can be effective after that time. Some people choose not to get vaccinated because they are afraid of potential side effects. However, side effects from the flu vaccine are rare and usually minor. For more information about flu vaccines, contact your physician. Paying close attention to hand washing can also help prevent the flu, colds, and other infections.